Kya Kabhi Socha Aapne?
Astronauts jab space mein jaate hain toh woh ek khaas suit pehnte hain woh mota، safed rang ka suit jo movies aur news mein nazar aata hai. Lekin kya kabhi socha ke yeh suit sirf ek kapra nahi yeh ek poori mini spacecraft hai jo astronaut ke jism ke gird hoti hai?
Space mein baghair is suit ke insaan sirf kuch seconds mein mar sakta hai koi hawa nahi، koi pressure nahi، bohat zyada radiation، aur temperature minus 270 degree se lekar plus 120 degree tak.
Aaj hum bilkul simple andaz mein samjhenge ke space suit kaise kaam karta hai aur yeh astronauts ko kaise mehfooz rakhta hai!
Space Mein Kya Khatare Hain
Pehle samajhte hain ke space mein exactly kya khatare hain taake hum samajh sakein ke space suit in se kaise bachata hai.
Space mein koi atmosphere nahi hai matlab koi hawa nahi، koi oxygen nahi. Baghair oxygen ke insaan roughly 15 seconds mein behosh ho jaata hai aur kuch minutes mein mar jaata hai.
Space mein vacuum hai matlab bilkul koi pressure nahi. Agar insaan ka jism space vacuum mein expose ho jaaye toh uske andar ka pressure use bahar ki taraf push karega yeh bohat dardnaak situation hogi.
Space mein temperature bohat extreme hai. Jab suraj ki roshni seedhi padti hai toh temperature roughly plus 120 degree Celsius tak pohonch sakta hai. Aur jab saaye mein hon toh roughly minus 270 degree Celsius tak gir sakta hai. Yeh dono extremes insaan ke liye bilkul theek nahi hain.
Space mein radiation bhi bohat zyada hai suraj se aur baaki kaainaat se. Zameen par hamari atmosphere aur magnetic field hume is radiation se bachati hai space mein koi aisi cheez nahi.
Aur space mein micrometeorites bhi hain bohat chhoti chhoti rocky particles jo bohat tezi se ghoomte hain itni tezi se ke agar kisi se takkar ho toh suit mein ched ho sakta hai.
Yeh sab khatare space suit handle karta hai ek saath!
Space Suit Ke Main Layers
Space suit ek single layer nahi hoti balke kai layers mil kar ek complex system banate hain. Har layer ka ek khaas kaam hota hai.
Sabse andar wali layer ek cooling undergarment hoti hai jo bilkul aam kapre jaise lagti hai lekin is mein pani ke chhote chhote tubes hote hain. Yeh tubes jism ke gird se guzarti hain aur jism ki garmi absorb kar ke suit ke cooling system mein le jaati hain. Space mein astronauts bohat mehnat karte hain aur unka jism bohat garmi paida karta hai yeh undergarment unhe thanda rakhti hai.
Us ke upar pressure garment hoti hai yeh sabse zaroori layer hai. Yeh layer jism ke aas paas pressure maintain karti hai bilkul aise jaise Zameen par atmosphere karta hai. Baghair is pressure ke khoon boil karne lagta kyunke low pressure mein liquids bohat kam temperature par boil karte hain. Pressure garment asal mein ek inflatable structure hai jo hawa se phuli hoti hai.
Us ke baad insulation layers hoti hain yeh layers temperature ko control karti hain na zyada garam، na zyada thanda. Yeh layers fiberglass aur khaas insulating materials se bani hoti hain jo garmi ko andar ya bahar jaane se rokti hain.
Sabse bahar wali layer outer shell hoti hai yeh bohat mazboot material se bani hoti hai jo micrometeorites aur radiation se bachati hai. NASA ke modern suits mein yeh layer Kevlar se bani hoti hai wahi material jo bullet proof vests mein use hota hai!
Oxygen System Saans Kaise Lete Hain
Space mein koi oxygen nahi toh astronauts saans kaise lete hain?
Space suit ke andar ek oxygen supply system hota hai. Oxygen ki canisters suit ke saath attached hoti hain yeh oxygen continuously suit ke andar supply karti rehti hain taake astronaut saans le sake.
Lekin sirf oxygen daalna kaafi nahi exhaled carbon dioxide bhi bahar nikalna zaroori hai warna astronaut apni hi exhaled CO2 se mar sakta hai. Space suit mein ek CO2 scrubber hota hai yeh lithium hydroxide ya doosre chemicals use kar ke exhaled CO2 ko absorb karta rehta hai.
Ek normal EVA yaani Extra Vehicular Activity jise space walk bhi kehte hain roughly 6 se 8 ghante tak chal sakti hai. Space suit mein itni oxygen hoti hai ke poori EVA ke dauran astronaut aaram se saans le sake.
Helmet Sirf Ek Sheesha Nahi
Space suit ka helmet sirf ek transparent cover nahi yeh bhi ek complex system hai.
Helmet ke andar audio system hota hai speakers aur microphones taake astronaut ground se aur doosre astronauts se baat kar sake. Space mein koi hawa nahi toh sound travel nahi karti sirf radio waves se communication hoti hai.
Helmet ke bahar ek gold tinted visor hota hai jo suraj ki tezh radiation aur ultraviolet rays ko rok deta hai. Yeh visor itna important hai ke agar yeh na ho toh suraj ki direct roshni astronaut ki aankhen kharab kar sakti hai ek second mein bhi.
Helmet ke andar lights bhi hote hain space mein jab saaye mein hon toh bilkul andhera hota hai yeh lights astronaut ko kaam karne mein madad karti hain.
Temperature Control Na Bohat Garam Na Bohat Thanda
Temperature control space suit ka ek bohat zaroori kaam hai.
Jab astronaut suraj ki seedhi roshni mein hota hai toh suit ki outer layer bohat garam hoti hai lekin andar astronaut thanda rehta hai. Jab saaye mein hota hai toh outer layer bohat thandi hoti hai lekin andar astronaut garam rehta hai. Yeh kamal insulation aur cooling system milkar karte hain.
Cooling system mein woh pani wali tubes hain jo cooling undergarment mein hoti hain yeh pani suit ke ek khaas unit mein jaata hai jahan yeh space mein evaporate ho kar garmi bahar nikal deta hai. Is system ko PLSS Primary Life Support System kehte hain yeh suit ke peeche ek backpack ki tarah laga hota hai.
Gloves Space Mein Haath Kaise Chalate Hain
Space suit ke gloves ek khaas engineering challenge hain. Ek taraf gloves itne mazboot hone chahiyein ke radiation aur micrometeorites se bachayein doosri taraf itne flexible bhi hone chahiyein ke astronaut kaam kar sake.
NASA ke gloves mein heated fingertips bhi hote hain space mein minus 270 degree tak temperature gir sakta hai agar haath thande ho jayen toh astronaut kaam nahi kar sakta. Heated fingertips ensure karte hain ke haath garm rahein.
Gloves itne precise hone chahiyein ke astronaut chhoti chhoti screws aur equipment handle kar sake yeh bohat mushkil engineering challenge hai kyunke thick protective material ke saath flexibility maintain karna aasaan nahi.
Space Suit Ki Qeemat Kitna Mehnga Hai
Space suit banana ek bohat mehnga kaam hai.
NASA ka current space suit EMU Extravehicular Mobility Unit ki qeemat roughly 12 million dollar hai yaani roughly 3.3 arab Pakistani rupay! Yeh itna mehnga isliye hai kyunke is mein bohat zyada advanced technology، rare materials، aur haath ka kaam hota hai.
NASA ke paas sirf kuch working space suits hain aur yeh suits bahut purane ho rahe hain kuch suits 1970s se use ho rahe hain! NASA naye suits develop kar rahi hai jinhein xEMU kehte hain yeh naye suits zyada flexible، zyada comfortable، aur Mars missions ke liye bhi suitable honge.
SpaceX ne bhi apne astronauts ke liye ek khaas suit design kiya hai lekin yeh sirf spacecraft ke andar use hota hai space walk ke liye nahi.
Mars Ke Liye Space Suit Alag Challenge
ISS yaani International Space Station ke liye suits design kiye gaye hain. Lekin Mars missions ke liye alag challenges hain.
Mars par kuch atmosphere hai sirf carbon dioxide lekin itni patli ke koi kaam ki nahi. Mars par gravity bhi hai Zameen ki gravity ka roughly ek tehai. Aur Mars par dust storms bhi hain jo months tak chalte hain.
Mars suit ko yeh sab handle karna hoga saath hi astronaut ko itna flexible hona chahiye ke woh Mars ki surface par walk kar sake، jhuk sake، aur science experiments kar sake. Yeh ISS suits se kaafi alag design hoga.
NASA، SpaceX، aur private companies sab is par kaam kar rahe hain aur ummeed hai ke 2030s mein pehla human Mars mission hoga jis mein naye advanced suits use honge.
Aakhri Baat Ek Kapra Nahi Ek Spacecraft Hai
Space suit sirf ek kapra nahi yeh ek poori mini spacecraft hai jo astronaut ke gird hoti hai. Oxygen supply، pressure control، temperature management، radiation protection، communication system sab kuch ek suit mein!
Yeh suit insaan ki engineering ka ek bohat bada karishma hai ek aisi machine jo insani jism ke saath mil kar use kaainaat ki sabse khatarnak jagah mein mehfooz rakhti hai.
Agli baar jab kisi astronaut ko space walk karte dekhein yaad karain ke woh mota sa suit ek walking spacecraft hai aur us ke baghair woh insaan kuch hi lamhon mein zinda nahi reh sakta!
source: Zarnab BSPHY-23-09
Aap yeh bhi parh saktay hain Space Suit Kaise Kaam Karta Hai? Mukammal Guide?