Kya Kabhi Socha Aapne?
Movies mein aksar dekhte hain ek bada asteroid Zameen ki taraf aa raha hai scientists pareshan hain poori duniya khatre mein hai. Lekin kya yeh sirf movies ki kahani hai ya sach mein aisa ho sakta hai?
Asal mein yeh sirf movies ki baat nahi roughly 66 million saal pehle ek bada asteroid Zameen se takraya tha aur us takkar ne dinosaurs ki poori nasal khatam kar di thi. Toh kya aisa phir ho sakta hai?
Aaj hum bilkul simple aur honest andaz mein samjhenge ke asteroids kya hote hain، kya koi Zameen se takra sakta hai، aur agar ho toh scientists kya kar rahe hain is se bachne ke liye!
Asteroid Kya Hota Hai?
Asteroid ek rocky ya metallic object hai jo suraj ke gird chakkar lagata hai lekin yeh planet se bohat chota hota hai. Yeh chhote chhote rocky tukde hain jo solar system ke banne ke waqt planet nahi ban paye mostly Jupiter ki gravity ki wajah se.
Asteroids zyada tar asteroid belt mein hote hain yeh Mars aur Jupiter ke darmiyan ka area hai. Is belt mein millions of asteroids hain kuch meter size ke aur kuch saikron kilometers tak bade.
Lekin asteroid belt se kuch asteroids kabhi kabhi apna raasta badal lete hain Jupiter ya doosre planets ki gravity ki wajah se aur in mein se kuch hamare solar system ke andar wale hisse mein aa jaate hain jahan Zameen bhi hai. Yahi woh asteroids hain jin se scientists sabse zyada paranoid rehte hain.
Dinosaurs Wali Takkar Kya Hua Tha
Roughly 66 million saal pehle ek asteroid Zameen se takraya tha جس کا diameter roughly 10 kilometer tha. Yeh roughly us size ka tha jitna Mount Everest uncha hai.
Is asteroid ne roughly 11 kilometer per second ki speed se Zameen se takkar ki yeh speed bullet se bhi roughly 30 guna zyada thi. Takkar ki wajah se ek bohat bada crater bana jo aaj Mexico ke Yucatan Peninsula mein maujood hai aur jise Chicxulub crater kehte hain yeh crater roughly 180 kilometer chara hai.
Takkar ki energy itni zyada thi ke ek bohat badi tsunami aayi، volcanoes phut پڑے، aur itni zyada dust aur smoke atmosphere mein gayi ke suraj ki roshni saalon tak kum ho gayi. Plants nahi ugg sake، food chain toot gayi، aur roughly 75 percent species dinosaurs samet khatam ho gayi.
Yeh Zameen par abhi tak ki sabse badi documented catastrophe thi aur yeh ek asteroid ki wajah se aayi thi.
Kya Koi Asteroid Abhi Bhi Zameen Ki Taraf Aa Raha Hai?
Yeh sabse zaroori sawaal hai aur iska jawab thoda complicated hai.
Scientists ne ek khaas category banayi hai jise Near Earth Objects yaani NEOs kehte hain yeh woh asteroids aur comets hain jo Zameen ke orbit ke qareeb se guzarte hain. Abhi tak scientists ne roughly 30,000 se zyada NEOs daryaft kiye hain.
In mein se ek aur khaas category hai Potentially Hazardous Asteroids yaani PHAs yeh woh asteroids hain jo Zameen se roughly 7.5 million kilometer se kam doori par guzarte hain aur jin ka diameter 140 meter se zyada hai. Abhi tak roughly 2,300 se zyada aise asteroids identify kiye ja chuke hain.
Lekin ghabrana nahi in mein se koi bhi abhi immediate threat nahi hai. Scientists ne sab se bade aur khatarnak asteroids ki orbits calculate kar li hain aur yeh confirm kiya hai ke agele 100 saalon mein koi bhi bada asteroid Zameen se takrane wala nahi.
Apophis Ek Mashhoor Asteroid Ka Qissa
2004 mein scientists ne ek asteroid daryaft kiya jise Apophis naam diya gaya yeh naam Egyptian god of chaos ke naam par rakha gaya.
Jab pehli baar Apophis ki orbit calculate ki gayi toh scientists ne socha ke 2029 mein is ka Zameen se takrane ka roughly 2.7 percent chance hai yeh sun kar poori duniya mein halbala مچ گیا. Bahut se news channels ne breaking news chalai ke ek asteroid Zameen se takrane wala hai!
Lekin jaise jaise aur data mila aur calculations improve hui scientists ne confirm kiya ke Apophis 2029 mein Zameen se takraega nahi balke roughly 31,000 kilometer ki doori se guzarega. Yeh doori sun kar zyada lagti hai lekin space ke hisaab se yeh bohat kam hai itni kam ke Apophis hamare geostationary satellites se bhi neeche se guzarega!
2036 mein Apophis ke dobara aane ki baat bhi thi lekin scientists ne confirm kar diya hai ke woh bhi safe rahe ga. Apophis abhi bhi monitor ho raha hai lekin filhal koi threat nahi.
NASA Ka Planetary Defense System Zameen Ki Hifazat
Acchi khabar yeh hai ke scientists aur space agencies is threat ko seriously lete hain aur is se bachne ke liye bohat kaam ho raha hai.
NASA ka ek poora division hai jise Planetary Defense Coordination Office kehte hain inka kaam hai sky scan karna aur koi bhi potentially dangerous asteroid dhoondna. Yeh team continuously telescopes se aasman dekh rahi hoti hai aur naye NEOs identify karti rehti hai.
Scientists ka khayal hai ke agar koi asteroid Zameen ki taraf aa raha ho toh hame kam se kam 5 se 10 saal pehle pata chal jaaye yeh itna waqt kaafi hoga koi plan banana ke liye.
DART Mission Asteroid Ka Raasta Kaise Badla
2022 mein NASA ne ek bohat bada aur kamyab experiment kiya جسے DART Double Asteroid Redirection Test kehte hain.
NASA ne ek spacecraft ko deliberately ek asteroid Dimorphos se takraya dekhna tha ke kya is takkar se asteroid ka orbit badla ja sakta hai. Dimorphos roughly 160 meter diameter ka tha aur ek bade asteroid Didymos ke gird chakkar laga raha tha.
Takkar ke baad scientists ne measure kiya ke Dimorphos ka orbit actually badal gaya us ka ek chakkar lagane ka waqt roughly 32 minutes kam ho gaya. Yeh ek bohat choti si change lagti hai lekin space mein yeh bohat badi baat hai agar kisi dangerous asteroid ko Zameen se takrane se saalon pehle thoda sa bhi deflect kar diya jaaye toh woh Zameen se miss kar jaayega.
Yeh experiment prove kar gaya ke hum asteroids ka raasta badal sakte hain yeh ek bohat badi kamyabi thi!
Agar Koi Asteroid Aa Jaaye Toh Kya Karein
Scientists ke paas kuch plans hain agar koi asteroid Zameen ki taraf aata hua detect ho.
Sabse preferred plan kinetic impactor hai bilkul DART mission ki tarah ek spacecraft asteroid se takra kar use deflect kar dega. Yeh plan tab kaam karta hai jab asteroid ka pata kaafi pehle chal jaaye kam se kam 5 se 10 saal pehle.
Ek aur plan gravity tractor hai ek spacecraft asteroid ke qareeb reh kar apni gravity se asteroid ka orbit thoda thoda badal dega yeh bohat dheera lekin effective tarika hai.
Aur ek controversial plan nuclear option bhi discuss hota hai asteroid par nuclear bomb blast karna taake woh toot kar zyada chhote pieces mein badal jaaye ya phir us ka raasta badal jaaye. Lekin yeh last resort hai kyunke agar asteroid ke pieces Zameen par girain toh bhi nuqsan ho sakta hai.
Chhote Asteroids Ka Khatre
Bohat bade asteroids se toh scientists ne Zameen ko filhal mehfooz qarar de diya hai lekin chhote asteroids ka kya?
2013 mein Chelyabinsk، Russia mein ek roughly 20 meter diameter ka asteroid atmosphere mein daakhil hua اور phat gaya ek bohat bada dhamaka hua. Is dhamake se roughly 1,500 log zaakhmi hue aur hazaron khidkiyan toot gayi lekin koi mara nahi kyunke yeh atmosphere mein hi phat gaya.
Yeh event prove karta hai ke chhote asteroids bhi kaafi nuqsan pohncha sakte hain aur in sab ka track rakhna bohat mushkil hai kyunke yeh chhote hone ki wajah se telescope se detect karna mushkil hota hai.
Scientists ka estimate hai ke Zameen par roughly 25 meter ya bade diameter ke asteroids ka ek gira roz kahi na kahi kuch nuqsan pohonchata hai lekin zyada tar samundur mein girte hain ya aise ilaqon mein jahan abadi nahi.
Asteroid Tracking Duniya Bhar Mein Kaam Ho Raha Hai
Sirf NASA nahi poori duniya mein scientists asteroids track kar rahe hain.
ESA European Space Agency ka apna asteroid tracking program hai. Japan، China، aur Russia bhi is kaam mein lage hue hain. Kai private organizations bhi telescopes se sky scan karti rehti hain.
Aane wale saalon mein Vera Rubin Observatory Chile mein complete hone wali hai yeh ek bohat powerful telescope hogi jo har raat poore aasman ki tasveer legi aur automatically naye NEOs dhoondegi. Scientists ka khayal hai ke yeh observatory hamare NEO database ko bohat tezi se badha degi.
Kya Ghabrana Chahiye?
Seedha jawab nahi.
Scientists ne confirm kiya hai ke agele 100 saalon mein koi bhi bada asteroid Zameen se takrane wala nahi. Aur technology din ba din behtar ho rahi hai DART mission ne prove kar diya ke agar koi asteroid aaye toh hum kuch kar sakte hain.
Lekin yeh bhi sach hai ke kaainaat ek unpredictable jagah hai aur isliye scientists continuously sky scan karte rehte hain. Sabse zaroori cheez hai ke jaldi pata chal jaaye aur is mein duniya bhar ke scientists kaam kar rahe hain.
Aakhri Baat Hum Tayyar Hain
Dinosaurs ke paas koi warning system nahi tha، koi scientist nahi tha، koi spacecraft nahi tha isliye woh kuch nahi kar sake.
Lekin hum alag hain hamare paas telescopes hain، scientists hain، DART jaisi technology hai، aur poori duniya ke space agencies mil kar kaam kar rahi hain.
Agar koi asteroid aata bhi hai hum abhi saalon pehle jan lenge aur hum kuch kar sakte hain. Yeh socha kar acha lagta hai ke science ne hume dinosaurs se behtar position mein rakh diya hai!
Agli baar jab raat ko aasman dekhein aur koi roshan cheez tezi se guzarti nazar aaye tension mat lein woh shayad sirf ek satellite hai!
source: Dhruv Rathee
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