Dibachi Ek Zabardast Sawaal
Jab aap raat ko aasman ki taraf dekhte hain aur koi roshan cheez tezi se upar jaati nazar aaye toh dil mein ek sawaal zaroor aata hai: yeh itni bhaari cheez asmaan mein kaise jaati hai?
Ek rocket ka wajan laakhon kilogram hota hai. Usmein insaan baithe hote hain, fuel bhari hoti hai, aur scientific equipment hoti hai. Phir bhi woh zameen chhod kar space mein pohunch jaata hai.
Aaj hum yeh raaz khol’te hain bilkul simple andaz mein.
Rocket Ka Basic Principle Newton Ka Qanoon
Rocket samajhne ke liye pehle ek chhoti si cheez samajhni hogi Newton ka teesra qanoon:
Har action ka ek equal aur opposite reaction hoti hai.
Isko aise samjhein:
Jab aap ek gubbare mein hawa bhar ke chhor dete hain gubbare mein se hawa ek taraf nikalti hai aur gubbare doosri taraf jaata hai. Kisi ne use dhakka nahi diya sirf action aur reaction!
Rocket mein bhi yahi hota hai:
- Rocket ke peeche se tezi se gases nikalti hain yeh action hai
- Rocket aage aur upar jaata hai yeh reaction hai
Bas yahi rocket ka poora raaz hai! Baqi sab is ek principle ka extension hai.
Rocket Engine Kaise Kaam Karta Hai?
Rocket engine ek combustion chamber hota hai jahan fuel jalti hai.
Poora Process:
Step 1 : Fuel Aur Oxidizer: Rocket mein sirf fuel nahi hoti saath mein oxidizer bhi hota hai. Kyun? Kyunke space mein oxygen nahi hoti aur oxygen ke kuch nahi jal sakta. Isliye rocket apne saath oxygen bhi le jaata hai.
Step 2 : Combustion: Fuel aur oxidizer combustion chamber mein mil kar jalte hain. Is jalane se bohat zyada garam gases banti hain.
Step 3 : Nozzle: Yeh garam gases nozzle ke zariye tezi se bahar nikalti hain neeche ki taraf.
Step 4 : Thrust: Gases neeche jaati hain rocket upar jaata hai. Yeh thrust kehlata hai woh force jo rocket ko upar dhakelta hai.
Rocket Fuel Kya Jalata Hai Rocket Ko?
Rocket mein do tarah ka fuel use hota hai:
1. Liquid Fuel
Yeh sabse zyada powerful hota hai. NASA ke rockets mein liquid hydrogen fuel ki tarah aur liquid oxygen oxidizer ki tarah use hota hai.
- Bohat zyada energy deta hai
- Control karna asan hota hai
- Lekin store karna mushkil hota hai bohat thanda rakhna padta hai
2. Solid Fuel
Yeh ek solid mixture hota hai jo jalti hai. Military rockets aur Space Shuttle ke boosters mein yeh use hota hai.
- Store karna asan hota hai
- Ek baar jal jaaye toh band nahi hota
- Liquid fuel se thoda kam powerful
3. Modern Fuel Kerosene
SpaceX ke Falcon 9 rockets mein RP-1 yaani refined kerosene use hoti hai saath mein liquid oxygen ke. Yeh affordable bhi hai aur powerful.
Rocket Ko Gravity Se Kaise Ladna Padta Hai?
Zameen ki gravity bohat strong hoti yeh har cheez ko apni taraf khinchti hai. Rocket ko is gravity se bahar nikalna hota ha.
Escape Velocity:
Zameen ki gravity se bahar nikalne ke liye rocket ko kam az kam 11.2 kilometer per second ki speed chahiye hoti hai yeh escape velocity kehlati hai.
Isko perspective mein rakhen:
- Bullet ki speed: 1 km/s
- Fighter jet ki speed: 0.7 km/s
- Rocket ki zaroorat: 11.2 km/s
Yeh isliye itni zyada hoti hai kyunke gravity bohat powerful force hai.
Multi-Stage Rocket Ek Zabardast Idea
Aapne dekha hoga ke rocket launch hone ke baad uske kuch hisse girte rehte hain. Yeh galti nahi yeh design hai!
Multi-Stage Ka Concept:
Ek bhaari rocket ko space tak pohonchana bohat mushkil hai. Isliye rocket ko stages mein divide kiya jaata hai:
Stage 1 : Pehla Hissa: Sabse bada aur bhaari hissa zameen se upar uthane ke liye. Jab is stage ka fuel khatam hota hai yeh alag ho jaata hai aur gir jaata hai. Ab rocket halka ho gaya!
Stage 2 : Doosra Hissa: Ab halka rocket aur tezi se jaata hai. Is stage ka fuel khatam hone par yeh alag ho jaata hai.
Stage 3 : Teesra Hissa: Sirf payload yaani satellite ya spacecraft bacha rehta hai apni manzil tak pohonchta hai.
Faida kya hai? Khali fuel tanks aur engines saath le jaana energy waste karta hai. Unhe drop karne se rocket halka hota jaata hai aur zyada tezi se aage badhta hai.
SpaceX Ka Kamal Reusable Rockets
Pehle rockets ek baar use hone ke baad barbaad ho jaate the bohat mehenga kaam tha.
Elon Musk ki SpaceX ne yeh game badal diya. Unke Falcon 9 rocket ka pehla stage wapas zameen par khud land kar leta hai bilkul seedha khada ho kar!
Yeh Kaise Hota Hai?
- Stage 1 alag hone ke baad 180 degree rotate karta hai
- Apne engines dobara start karta hai
- Grid fins se direction control karta hai
- Aahista aahista neeche aata hai
- Zameen ya ship par perfectly land kar jaata hai
Is technology se rocket ka cost 10 guna kam ho gaya hai! Aaj SpaceX ek hi rocket ko 10 se zyada baar use kar chuka hai.
Rocket Ke Main Parts Ek Nazar Mein
Nose Cone
Sabse upar wala hissa tez naok wala. Hawa ko cheerta hai taake resistance kam ho. Andar payload hota hai satellite ya astronauts.
Fuel Tanks
Rocket ka sabse bada hissa. Fuel aur oxidizer alag alag tanks mein store hota hai. Space Shuttle mein yeh orange colored bada tank hota tha.
Engine
Sabse neeche. Yahan combustion hoti hai aur thrust paida hota hai. Ek rocket mein ek ya zyada engines ho sakte hain SpaceX Falcon Heavy mein 27 engines hain!
Fins
Neeche ki taraf chote wings hota ha. Yeh rocket ko stable rakhte hain warna rocket idhar udhar ghumne lagega.
Pakistan Aur Rocket Technology
Pakistan bhi space technology mein aage badh raha hai:
SUPARCO Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission Pakistan ki space agency hai. Pakistan ne apna pehla satellite Badr-1 1990 mein launch kiya tha.
Aaj Pakistan remote sensing satellites use karta hai:
- Flood monitoring karte hain
- Agricultural land survey karte hain
- Weather prediction mein madad karte hain
Rocket Aur Rozana Ki Zindagi
Rockets sirf space exploration ke liye nahi yeh hamari zindagi mein bai kaam aate hain:
- GPS : aapke phone ka navigation rocket se launch kiya gaya satellite use karta hai
- Weather forecast : mausam ki pesh weather satellites se hoti hai
- Internet : SpaceX Starlink ke satellites rockets se hi space mein gaye hain
- TV channels : satellite TV rockets ki wajah se mumkin hai
Aakhri Baat Insaan Ki Sochne Ki Taaqat
Rocket science bohat mushkil lagti hai lekin asal mein yeh ek simple idea par based hai: action aur reaction.
Newton ne yeh qanoon teen sau saal pehle diya. Aaj us ek qanoon ki wajah se insaan Mars tak pohonchne ki tayyari kar raha hai.
Agli baar jab aap rocket launch ki video dekhein yaad karain ke woh sirf aag aur dhuaan nahi woh insani soch ka sabse bada karishma hai!
source: Mafaaz Nama
Agar aap science ki duniya mein interest rakhte hain tohsirf rocket hi nahi yeh bhi jaanna zaroori hai ke hamari rozana ki zindagi mein kaam aane wali technology kaise kaam karti hai۔ Misal ke taur par Camera Kaise Kaam Karta Hai jisme hum ne lens, sensor aur image processing ka poora process simple Urdu mein samjhaya hai۔ Science ko samajhna utna mushkil nahi jitna
hum sochte hain!