Kya tumne notice kiya hai ke pichle kuch saalon mein garmi pehle se zyada ho gayi hai? Winters chhoti hoti ja rahi hain, summers mein pani ki kami ho rahi hai, aur kabhi kabhi aisi baarish aati hai jo pehle nahi aati thi. Yeh sab achanak nahi ho raha yeh ek bade badlaav ka hissa hai jo poori Zameen par ho raha hai.
Iss badlaav ka naam hai Climate Change aur iska sabse bara nishaan hai Zameen ka temperature badhna. Scientists ke mutabiq pichle 150 saalon mein Zameen ka average temperature 1.1 degree Celsius barh chuka hai. Yeh sunne mein chhota lagta hai lekin iska asar poori duniya par bohot bada hai.
Aaj hum samjhenge ke yeh ho kyun raha hai, kaise ho raha hai, aur iska humari zindagi par kya asar pad raha hai.
Pehle Samjho Greenhouse Effect Kya Hai?
Zameen ka temperature badhne ki wajah samajhne ke liye pehle Greenhouse Effect samajhna zaroori hai.
Tasawwur karo ek sheeshe ka ghar jise greenhouse kehte hain jahan paudhe ugaye jaate hain. Dhoop andar aati hai, garam karti hai, lekin woh gararmi bahar nahi nikal paati sheeshе use rok leta hai. Toh andar ka temperature bahar se zyada rehta hai.
Zameen ke saath bhi kuch aisa hi hota hai. Suraj ki roshan Zameen tak pohanchti hai, Zameen garm hoti hai, aur phir yeh garmi wapas aasman ki taraf jaane lagti hai. Lekin atmosphere mein kuch gases hain jinhe Greenhouse Gases kehte hain jo is garmi ko rok leti hain aur use wapas Zameen ki taraf bhej deti hain.
Yeh process naturally hoti hai aur yeh zaroori bhi hai. Agar yeh bilkul na hoti, toh Zameen itni thandi hoti ke yahan zindagi mumkin na hoti. Lekin masla tab shuru hota hai jab yeh gases zyada ho jaati hain aur tab garmi zyada rok li jaati hai, aur Zameen ka temperature badhne lagta hai.
Greenhouse Gases Kaun Si Hain?
Greenhouse gases mein sabse aham yeh hain:
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Yeh sabse zyada zikar hone wali gas hai. Jab fossil fuels yaani petrol, diesel, coal jalaye jaate hain, toh CO2 nikalta hai. Gaadiyaan, factories, bijli ghar yeh sab CO2 chodh rahe hain.
Methane (CH4) Yeh CO2 se bhi zyada powerful greenhouse gas hai. Yeh janwaron khaas kar gayon ke hazm ke process se nikalta hai. Koyle ki khanon aur gas pipelines se bhi methane nikalti hai.
Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Yeh khetibari mein istemaal hone wali khadon fertilizers se nikalti hai.
Water Vapor Paani ka bhaap bhi ek greenhouse gas hai, lekin yeh naturally cycle hoti rehti hai.
In mein se CO2 ka zikar sabse zyada isiliye hota hai kyunke insaan ki wajah se yeh sabse zyada barhi hai. Aaj atmosphere mein CO2 ki miqdar 420 parts per million hai jo pichle 8 lakh saalon mein sabse zyada hai. Yeh scientists ne ice cores se yaani glaciers ki barf ki teh se measure kiya hai.
Insaan Ka Kirdar Hum Kaise Zimmedaar Hain?
Yeh sawaal bohot zaroori hai kya Zameen ka temperature apne aap barh raha hai, ya insaan ki wajah se?
Scientists ne is par bohot research ki hai aur jawab saaf hai is baar insaan zimmedaar hai. Zameen ka temperature pehle bhi naturally badla aur ghata hai ice ages aayi hain, phir garm daur aaye hain. Lekin woh badlaav bohot dheere dheere hazaron saalon mein hote the. Jo aaj ho raha hai woh sirf 150 saalon mein hua hai yeh natural nahi ho sakta.
Kya kiya insaan ne?
Industrial Revolution 18wein sadi ke baad jab factories shuru hoin, coal jalana shuru hua, aur CO2 aasman mein jaane laga.
Gaadiyaan aur Transport : Aaj duniya mein 1 Arab se zyada gaadiyaan hain. Har din crores liters petrol jalaya jaata hai aur har liter petrol se CO2 nikalti hai.
Jungle Kaatna : Darakht CO2 absorb karte hain yeh qudrat ka apna system hai balance rakhne ka. Lekin har saal crores darakht kaate jaate hain kheti aur construction ke liye. Jab darakht nahi rahenge, toh CO2 absorb kون کرے گا?
Bijli ka Istemaal : Duniya mein zyada tar bijli abhi bhi coal aur gas jalaa kar banti hai jis se greenhouse gases nikalti hain.
Temperature Badhne Ka Asar Kya Ho Raha Hai?
Sirf 1.1 degree temperature badhne se itna kya fark parta hai? Bohot zyada.
Glaciers Pighal Rahe Hain : Duniya bhar ke glaciers Himalayas, Arctic, Antarctica tezi se pighal rahe hain. Pakistan ke liye yeh bohot khaas masla hai kyunke hamare bahut se darya glaciers se paani lete hain. Agar glaciers khatam ho gaye, toh paani kahan se aayega?
Samundar Ka Level Barh Raha Hai : Glaciers ke pighalne se samundar mein paani barh raha hai. Pichle 100 saalon mein samundar ka level 20 centimeter barh chuka hai. Agar yeh aise hi chalta raha, toh duniya ke bohot se saahili shehar Karachi bhi khatra mein pad saktay hain.
Mausam Ka Bigadna : Climate change ki wajah se mausam unpredictable ho gaya hai. Kabhi itni baarish ke floods aa jaayein, kabhi itna sukha ke faslein mar jaayein. Pakistan mein 2022 ki tabahkun floods jo ek tehai mulk ko dooba gayi scientists ne kaha ke climate change ne unhe aur bhayanak bana diya.
Garmi Ki Lahrein : Heat waves yaani shadeed garmi ke daur zyada baar aur zyada shadeed aa rahe hain. 2023 mein Europe mein, 2024 mein Asia mein record garmi padi. Kamzor log budhay, bachay is garmi mein jan gawa baithe.
Samundar Ka Garm Hona : Samundar bhi garm ho rahe hain. Isse coral reefs mar rahe hain jo samundar ki zindagi ka bunyaadi hissa hain. Machhliyon ki tadaad kam ho rahi hai jo crores logon ki khoraak ka zariya hai.
Pakistan Par Khaas Asar
Hum Pakistani logon ke liye yeh masla khaas taur par aham hai kyunke Pakistan climate change se sabse zyada mutasir hone wale mulkon mein shamil hai halanke hum CO2 ki global emissions mein sirf 1 percent se bhi kam hissa daalte hain. Yeh ek badi nainsafi hai.
Hamari garmiyan zyada lamba aur zyada shadeed ho rahi hain. Glaciers pighal rahe hain short term mein flooding, long term mein paani ki kami. Khetibari mutasir ho rahi hai faslein kharab ho rahi hain, khaane ki qeematein barh rahi hain. Aur floods aur sookha dono zyada frequently aa rahe hain.
Kya Kuch Ho Sakta Hai? Hal Kya Hain?
Yeh sab sun kar dil bhaari ho jaata hai lekin umeed abhi baqi hai. Duniya bhar mein log aur hukumtein is problem ko solve karne ki koshish kar rahe hain.
Renewable Energy : Solar aur wind energy se bijli banana jis mein koi greenhouse gas nahi nikalti. Pakistan mein solar energy ka bohot potential hai aur aaj kal solar panels saste bhi ho gaye hain.
Electric Gaadiyaan : Petrol ki jagah electric gaadiyaan jo solar ya wind energy se charge hon transport ki CO2 khatam kar sakti hain.
Darakht Lagana : Pakistan mein 10 Billion Tree Tsunami project isi soch ka hissa tha. Zyada darakht matlab zyada CO2 absorb.
Khaane Ki Aadat Badalna : Gosht khaas kar beef ki production mein bohot zyada methane nikalti hai. Zyada sabziyaan aur kam gosht khana bhi fark dalta hai.
Hukumaton Ka Kirdar : 2015 mein Paris Agreement mein duniya ke zyada tar mulkon ne wada kiya ke woh apni emissions kam karenge. Lekin abhi bhi kaafi kaam baaki hai.
Waqt Kitna Hai?
Scientists kehte hain ke agar Zameen ka temperature 1.5 degree Celsius se zyada barh gaya toh asar bohot khatarnak ho jaayenge. Abhi hum 1.1 par hain matlab sirf 0.4 degree ki gunjaish baqi hai.
Agar abhi serious qadam nahi uthaye gaye, toh 2050 tak yani sirf 25 saal mein duniya bohot alag jagah hogi. Zyada floods, zyada droughts, zyada garmi, samundar ka badhta hua level yeh sab aur shadeed ho jaayenge.
Lekin agar abhi action liya jaaye renewable energy, darakht, emissions mein kami toh abhi bhi kuch had tak is badlaav ko rokna mumkin hai.
Aakhri Baat
Zameen ka temperature badhna sirf ek scientific masla nahi yeh humari zindagi ka masla hai. Hamare bachon ki zindagi ka masla hai. Hamare paani ka, khaane ka, mousam ka masla hai.
Yeh problem insaan ne banayi hai toh hal bhi insaan hi kar sakta hai. Har ek chota qadam maayne rakhta hai ek darakht lagana, bijli bachana, gari kam chalana. Jab crores log yeh chhote chhote qadam uthayein toh farq padta hai.
Zameen ne humein sab kuch diya hai hawa, paani, khaana, zindagi. Ab waqt aa gaya hai ke hum Zameen ka khayal rakhein.
source: Engineering Simplified
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