Subah uthte ho, paon zameen par rakhte ho aur girte nahi. Ek seb darakht se toot kar neechay aata hai, upar nahi jaata. Chaand Zameen ka chakkar lagate lagate kahin door nahi chala jaata. Yeh sab ek hi taaqat ki wajah se hota hai aur woh taaqat hai Gravity.
Gravity yeh lafz sunne mein saada lagta hai, magar yeh kaainaat ki sabse gehri, sabse purani, aur sabse ajeeb taaqaton mein se ek hai. Iska asar har jagah hai zameen par bhi, aasman mein bhi, aur unse bhi kahin aage poori kaainaat mein. Aaj hum is taaqat ko samjhenge asaan zaban mein, aam insaan ki tarah.
Seb Aur Newton Ek Mashhoor Kahani
Baat 1666 ki hai. Angrez scientist Isaac Newton apne ghar ke baagh mein baithe the. Ek seb darakht se toot kar zameen par gira. Newton ne socha yeh seb neechay kyun aaya? Upar kyun nahi gaya? Aur agar zameen is seb ko kheench rahi hai, toh kya woh chaand ko bhi kheenchti hai?
Yeh ek ajeeb sawaal tha. Lekin Newton ne is chhoti si soch se ek badi theory nikali Law of Universal Gravitation. Unhon ne kaha ke kaainaat mein har cheez har doosri cheez ko apni taraf kheenchti hai. Insaan ko zameen kheenchti hai, zameen ko suraj kheenchta hai, suraj ko aur badi cheezein kheenchti hain. Yeh khinchaahat jitni badi cheez, utni zyada aur jitni door, utni kam.
Newton ki yeh baat itni sahi thi ke aaj bhi rockets aur satellites is formula se calculate kiye jaate hain. Teen sau saal pehle sochi gayi baat aaj bhi kaam aati hai yahi science ki khoobsurti hai.
Gravity Kaam Kaise Karti Hai?
Newton ne bataya ke gravity hailekin unhon ne yeh nahi bataya ke gravity kaam kaise karti hai. Yeh sawaal raha aur raha jab tak Albert Einstein saamne nahi aaye.
Einstein ne 1915 mein apni General Theory of Relativity pesh ki aur duniya ko ek naya andaz diya gravity ko dekhne ka.
Einstein ne kaha: zameen, suraj, chaand yeh sab bhari cheezein hain. Aur yeh bhari cheezein apne aas paas ki jagah ko yaani spacetime ko mod deti hain, jhuka deti hain.
Ek misaal lo: ek bhari ball ko ek narm rubber sheet par rakho. Sheet us jagah se jhuk jaayegi. Ab agar tum ek chhoti ball us sheet par chalao, toh woh seedhi nahi chalegi bhari ball ki taraf khich jaayegi. Yahi gravity hai. Zameen apne aas paas ki jagah ko jhukaa deti hai, aur hum us jhukaahat mein gir rahe hain hamesha, har lamhe.
Yeh idea itna krantikari tha ke pehle bahut logon ne yaqeen nahi kiya. Lekin 1919 mein ek solar eclipse ke waqt scientists ne dekha ke suraj ke paas se guzarne wali roshan ki kirnein jhuk gayi theen bilkul Einstein ki prediction ke mutabiq. Us din se duniya ne maan liya ke Einstein sahi the.
Gravity Aur Waqt Ek Ajeeb Rishta
Gravity sirf cheezein kheenchti nahi yeh waqt ko bhi effect karti hai. Yeh sunne mein ajeeb lagta hai, lekin yeh sach hai.
Einstein ne bataya ke jahan gravity zyada hoti hai wahan waqt dheema guzarta hai. Matlab zameen ki satah par waqt thoda slow hai aur upar aasmaan mein thoda fast.
Yeh sirf theory nahi yeh practically proven hai. GPS satellites zameen se kaafi upar hain, wahan gravity kam hai, toh unke liye waqt thoda tez guzarta hai. Agar scientists is farq ko adjust na karein, toh GPS roz kaafi meters galat ho jaata. Toh ek tarah se gravity ka asar aaj bhi hum apni GPS mein mehsoos karte hain chahe pata na ho.
Black Hole Gravity Ki Inteha
Agar gravity ki baat ho aur Black Hole ka zikar na ho toh baat adhoori hai.
Black Hole woh jagah hai jahan gravity itni zyada ho jaati hai ke kuch bhi roshan bhi wahan se nahi nikal sakti. Jab koi bohot bada tara apni zindagi ke aakhir mein hota hai, toh woh apne hi bojh se dab jaata hai ek bahut chhoti jagah mein. Aur us chhoti jagah mein gravity itni intense ho jaati hai ke spacetime wahan pooray ka poora ghoom jaata hai.
Black Hole ko seedha dekhna mumkin nahi kyunke roshan bhi wahan se nahi niklti. Lekin scientists ne unke asar se unka wujood prove kiya hai. 2019 mein pehli baar ek Black Hole ki tasveer li gayi ek badi scientific achievement thi. Millions logon ne woh dhundhli si naarnji ring dekhi aur hairat mein reh gaye woh tasveer ek aise jagah ki thi jo hamare tasawwur se bhi pare hai.
Gravity Aur Hamare Roz Ka Tajurba
Ab zara apni roz marra zindagi mein gravity ko dekhte hain.
Jab tum koi cheez chhodte ho woh neechay girti hai. Jab tum kood kar upar jaate ho wapas neeche aate ho. Jab paani nala ya nadi mein bahta hai neechay ki taraf jaata hai. Jab barishh hoti hai boondein neeche girti hain. Yeh sab gravity hai.
Lekin yeh sirf zameen par nahi poori kaainaat mein hai. Chaand Zameen ka chakkar isiliye lagate lagate nahi jaata kyunke Zameen usse kheenchti hai. Zameen Suraj ka chakkar isiliye karti hai kyunke Suraj ki gravity use rokte hue ghuma rahi hai. Aur poori galaxy karodo sitaron ka yeh azeemushshan collection gravity ki wajah se hi ek saath hai.
Agar gravity ek din achanak band ho jaaye toh chaand seedha chala jaaye, Zameen Suraj se door ho jaaye, atmosphere bhar jaaye, sab kuch bikhar jaaye. Hum literally gravity ki wajah se zinda hain.
Gravity Itni Kamzor Kyun Lagti Hai?
Yeh ek dilchasp sawaal hai. Gravity kaainaat ki sabse zyada reach wali taaqat hai pooray universe mein kaam karti hai. Lekin yeh kaainaat ki sabse kamzor taaqat bhi hai.
Kaise? Ek chhota sa magnet soch lo. Woh ek pin ko utha sakta hai matlab woh magnet poori Zameen ki gravity ko haara raha hai us pin ke liye. Ek chhota sa magnet, poori Zameen se zyada taaqatwar?
Haan is mamle mein. Electromagnetic force gravity se kaafi zyada taqatwar hai. Toh gravity itni kamzor kyun hai? Yeh abhi bhi ek bada sawaal hai. Kuch scientists sochte hain ke gravity ki kuch energy kisi aur dimension mein leak ho jaati hai. Yeh idea sirf science fiction nahi yeh seriously research ho raha hai.
Gravitational Waves Gravity Ki Lahrain
2015 mein science ki duniya mein ek bada din aaya. Scientists ne pehli baar Gravitational Waves detect kien yani gravity ki lahrain.
Hua yeh tha ke kaainaat mein kahin bohot door ek Arab se bhi zyada saal pehle do Black Holes aapas mein takraye. Is takkar se itni energy nikli ke spacetime mein lahrain utheen bilkul pani mein pathhar girnay se uthti hain. Yeh lahrain poori kaainaat mein phailti gaien aur 1.3 Arab saal baad Zameen tak pohanchi.
Aur hum ne unhe feel kiya.
LIGO naam ki ek machine ne jo ek extremely sensitive detector hai in waves ko pakra. Yeh detect ki gayi wave itni chhhoti thi ke ek proton ke size se bhi kaafi chhhoti thi. Lekin science ne use pakad liya.
Yeh discovery isiliye itni badi thi kyunke Einstein ne 100 saal pehle predict kiya tha ke aisi waves honi chahiye lekin koi unhe measure nahi kar sakta tha. 2015 mein pehli baar kiya gaya. Einstein phir sahi nikle.
Gravity Ka Raaz Abhi Bhi Khula Hai
Itna sab jaanney ke baad bhi, gravity poori tarah se samjhi nahi gayi. Newton ne bataya ke kya hota hai. Einstein ne bataya ke kyun hota hai. Lekin ab bhi kuch sawaal baaki hain.
Sabse bada sawaal yeh hai ke Quantum Mechanics jo chhotay particles ki physics hai aur General Relativity jo gravity ki theory hai yeh dono aapas mein match nahi karti. Dono apni jagah par sahi hain, lekin jab inhe ek saath apply karo, toh math bigad jaata hai.
Scientists ek aisi Theory of Everything dhundh rahe hain jo dono ko ek saath explain kare. Is theory ko dhundna aaj ki physics ki sabse badi challenge hai. String Theory aur Loop Quantum Gravity kuch aise attempts hain lekin abhi tak koi final jawab nahi aaya.
Gravity Aur Zindagi Ka Rishta
Gravity sirf physics ka masla nahi yeh zindagi ka bunyaadi hissa hai. Hamare jism gravity mein dhale hue hain. Hamare Haddiyan, muscles, blood circulation sab gravity ko madde nazar rakh kar kaam karte hain.
Isiliye jab astronauts space mein jaate hain jahan gravity nahi hoti unke jism par bura asar parta hai. Haddiyan kamzor hone lagti hain, muscles dheeli pad jaati hain, khoon ka behao badal jaata hai. Lambe arsey tak space mein rehna insaan ki sehat ke liye mushkil hai.
Gravity ne sirf hamein zameen par roka hua nahi usne hamen banaya bhi hai.
Aakhri Baat
Gravity ek simple cheez lagti hai cheezein neechay girti hain, bas. Lekin jab tum is taaqat ki gehraaion mein jaao, toh pata chalta hai ke yeh kitni ajeeb, kitni khoobsurat, aur kitni mysterious hai.
Ek seb girnay se Newton ne poori kaainaat ka nizam samjha. Einstein ne space aur waqt ko naye andaz se dekha. Aaj ke scientists Black Holes aur Gravitational Waves explore kar rahe hain. Aur phir bhi poori kahani abhi likhni baaki hai.
Gravity hamesha thi, hai, aur rahegi khamoshi se, bina kisi shor ke, poori kaainaat ko thame hue.
source: Q THINK SGI
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